Method and apparatus for QoS context transfer during inter radio access technology handover in a wireless communication system

ABSTRACT

Systems and methodologies are described herein that facilitate efficient transfer of quality of service (QoS) context during inter-radio access technology (RAT) handovers. In particular, techniques are described herein for establishing rules for whether a user equipment unit (UE) or an associated network should establish QoS for a mixed-mode application, identifying flow to bearer mappings when translating QoS across an inter-RAT handover, mapping QoS parameters of respective RATs, mitigating QoS depreciation upon multiple handovers, performing one or more actions if QoS is not acceptable in a new RAT, maintaining QoS during tunnel mode, and handling scenarios in which a UE moves between a RAT using network-initiated QoS and a RAT using UE-initiated QoS.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present disclosure is a divisional of co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/819,314, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR QOSCONTEXT TRANSFER DURING INTER RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGY HANDOVER IN AWIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, filed Jun. 21, 2010, the disclosure ofwhich is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

I. Field

The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, andmore specifically to techniques for managing handover of a devicebetween respective networks in a wireless communication environment.

II. Background

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide variouscommunication services; for instance, voice, video, packet data,broadcast, and messaging services can be provided via such wirelesscommunication systems. These systems can be multiple-access systems thatare capable of supporting communication for multiple terminals bysharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-accesssystems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, TimeDivision Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division MultipleAccess (FDMA) systems, and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA) systems.

A wireless multiple-access communication system may simultaneouslysupport communication for multiple wireless terminals. In such a system,each terminal can communicate with one or more base stations viatransmissions on the forward and reverse links. The forward link (ordownlink) refers to the communication link from the base stations to theterminals, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communicationlink from the terminals to the base stations. This communication linkcan be established via a single-input-single-output (SISO),multiple-input-single-output (MISO), single-input multiple-output(SIMO), or a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system.

In various wireless communication network implementations, applicationsand/or other means for conducting wireless communication can operateaccording to various Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, which canspecify respective requirements for the application in terms of datarates, error rates, channel quality, or the like. Accordingly, in somecases a user equipment unit (UE) and/or other suitable device in awireless communication network, and/or the wireless communicationnetwork itself, can initiate QoS reservation procedures to facilitatecommunication between the UE and the network. Further, in the event thata UE initiates a handover between different radio access technologies(RATs) based on various criteria, it can be appreciated that anestablished QoS context corresponding to the UE may in some cases needto be transferred from one RAT involved in the handover to another RAT.Accordingly, it would be desirable to implement techniques forfacilitating transfer of QoS context and/or other QoS parameters duringan inter-RAT handover within a wireless communication environment in asubstantially efficient manner.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of various aspects of theclaimed subject matter in order to provide a basic understanding of suchaspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplatedaspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elementsnor delineate the scope of such aspects. Its sole purpose is to presentsome concepts of the disclosed aspects in a simplified form as a preludeto the more detailed description that is presented later.

According to an aspect, a method is described herein. The method cancomprise identifying at least one Internet Protocol (IP) flow andrespective IP flow traffic format templates (TFTs) respectivelyassociated with the at least one IP flow; receiving quality of service(QoS) establishment messaging from an associated network correspondingto at least one bearer and at least one bearer TFT related to respectivebearers; and determining association between respective IP flows andbearers at least in part by matching IP flow TFTs to bearer TFTs.

A second aspect described herein relates to a wireless communicationsapparatus, which can comprise a memory that stores data relating to atleast one IP flow and respective IP flow TFTs respectively associatedwith the at least one IP flow. The wireless communications apparatus canfurther comprise a processor configured to receive QoS establishmentmessaging from an associated network corresponding to at least onebearer and at least one bearer TFT relating to respective bearers and todetermine association between respective IP flows and bearers at leastin part by matching IP flow TFTs to bearer TFTs.

A third aspect described herein relates to an apparatus operable in awireless communication system, which can comprise means for identifyingone or more TFTs corresponding to respective packet flows; means forobtaining signaling from an associated network relating to QoSparameters corresponding to a specified bearer that is associated with abearer TFT; and means for mapping one or more of the respective packetflows to the specified bearer at least in part by matching TFTscorresponding to the respective packet flows to the bearer TFT.

A fourth aspect described herein relates to a computer program product,which can comprise a computer-readable medium. The computer-readablemedium, in turn, can comprise code for causing a computer to identifyone or more TFTs corresponding to respective packet flows; code forcausing a computer to obtain signaling from an associated networkrelating to QoS parameters corresponding to a specified bearer that isassociated with a bearer TFT; and code for causing a computer to map oneor more of the respective packet flows to the specified bearer at leastin part by matching TFTs corresponding to the respective packet flows tothe bearer TFT.

A fifth aspect described herein relates to a method operable in awireless communication system, which can comprise identifying a firstset of QoS parameters associated with a first radio access technology(RAT) and a second set of QoS parameters associated with a second RAT;obtaining information relating to a utilized network communicationapplication and at least one QoS parameter in the first set of QoSparameters associated with the utilized network communicationapplication; and mapping the at least one QoS parameter in the first setof QoS parameters associated with the utilized network communicationapplication to at least one QoS parameter in the second set of QoSparameters independently of the utilized network communicationapplication.

A sixth aspect described herein relates to a wireless communicationsapparatus, which can comprise a memory that stores data relating to afirst set of QoS parameters associated with a first RAT, a second set ofQoS parameters associated with a second RAT, and a network application.The wireless communications apparatus can further comprise a processorconfigured to obtain information relating to at least one QoS parameterin the first set of QoS parameters that is associated with the networkapplication and to map the at least one QoS parameter in the first setof QoS parameters that is associated with the network application to atleast one QoS parameter in the second set of QoS parametersindependently of the network application.

A seventh aspect described herein relates to an apparatus operable in awireless communication system, which can comprise means for obtaininginformation relating to a first set of QoS parameters associated with afirst RAT, a second set of QoS parameters associated with a second RAT,and an application that facilitates network communication; means foridentifying at least one QoS parameter in the first set of QoSparameters that relates to the application; and means for mapping the atleast one QoS parameter in the first set of QoS parameters that relatesto the application to at least one QoS parameter in the second set ofQoS parameters independently of the application.

An eighth aspect described herein relates to a computer program product,which can comprise a computer-readable medium. The computer-readablemedium, in turn, can comprise code for causing a computer to obtaininformation relating to a first set of QoS parameters associated with afirst RAT, a second set of QoS parameters associated with a second RAT,and an application that facilitates network communication; code forcausing a computer to identify at least one QoS parameter in the firstset of QoS parameters that relates to the application; and code forcausing a computer to map the at least one QoS parameter in the firstset of QoS parameters that relates to the application to at least oneQoS parameter in the second set of QoS parameters independently of theapplication.

A ninth aspect described herein relates to a method operable in awireless communication system, which can comprise identifying anapplication that facilitates communication with an associated network;obtaining respective QoS parameters from the application that relate torespective RATs; identifying a handover of the application from a firstRAT to a second RAT; and mapping at least one QoS parameter associatedwith the application and relating to the first RAT to at least one QoSparameter associated with the application and relating to the second RATbased at least in part on the respective QoS parameters obtained fromthe application.

A tenth aspect described herein relates to a wireless communicationsapparatus, which can comprise a memory that stores data relating to anapplication that facilitates communication with an associated networkand a handover of the application from a first RAT to a second RAT. Thewireless communications apparatus can further comprise a processorconfigured to obtain respective QoS parameters from the application thatrelate to respective RATs and to perform a mapping of at least one QoSparameter associated with the application and relating to the first RATto at least one QoS parameter associated with the application andrelating to the second RAT based at least in part on the respective QoSparameters obtained from the application.

An eleventh aspect described herein relates to an apparatus operable ina wireless communication system, which can comprise means for obtaininga set of QoS parameters from a network application that relate torespective RATs and means for mapping at least one QoS parameter in theset of QoS parameters obtained from the network application that isassociated with a first RAT to at least one QoS parameter in the set ofQoS parameters obtained from the network application that is associatedwith a second RAT.

A twelfth aspect described herein relates to a computer program product,which can comprise a computer-readable medium. The computer-readablemedium, in turn, can comprise code for causing a computer to obtain aset of QoS parameters from a network application that relate torespective RATs and code for causing a computer to map at least one QoSparameter in the set of QoS parameters obtained from the networkapplication that is associated with a first RAT to at least one QoSparameter in the set of QoS parameters obtained from the networkapplication that is associated with a second RAT.

A thirteenth aspect described herein relates to a method operable in awireless communication system, which can comprise identifying a userequipment unit (UE) and a QoS parameter used by the UE on a RAT;detecting exit of the UE from the RAT and re-entry of the UE to the RAT;and re-establishing QoS for the UE in response to the re-entry of the UEto the RAT based at least in part on the QoS parameter used by the UE onthe RAT.

A fourteenth aspect described herein relates to a wirelesscommunications apparatus, which can comprise a memory that stores datarelating to a UE and a QoS parameter used by the UE on a RAT. Thewireless communications apparatus can further comprise a processorconfigured to detect exit of the UE from the RAT and re-entry of the UEto the RAT and to re-establish QoS for the UE in response to there-entry of the UE to the RAT based at least in part on the QoSparameter used by the UE on the RAT.

A fifteenth aspect described herein relates to an apparatus operable ina wireless communication system, which can comprise means foridentifying a QoS parameter utilized by a network device over anassociated RAT in response to the network device leaving the associatedRAT via a first handover and means for establishing QoS for the networkdevice in response to the network device re-entering the associated RATvia a second handover based at least in part on the QoS parameterutilized by the network device over the associated RAT.

A sixteenth aspect described herein relates to a computer programproduct, which can comprise a computer-readable medium. Thecomputer-readable medium, in turn, can comprise code for causing acomputer to identify a QoS parameter utilized by a network device overan associated RAT in response to the network device leaving theassociated RAT via a first handover and code for causing a computer toestablish QoS for the network device in response to the network devicere-entering the associated RAT via a second handover based at least inpart on the QoS parameter utilized by the network device over theassociated RAT.

A seventeenth aspect described herein relates to a method operable in awireless communication system, which can comprise obtaining informationrelating to a mapping relationship between QoS parameters associatedwith a first RAT and QoS parameters associated with a second RAT;identifying a QoS parameter utilized on the first RAT; and mapping theQoS parameter utilized on the first RAT to a QoS parameter associatedwith the second RAT based at least in part on the mapping relationshipbetween the QoS parameters associated with the first RAT and the QoSparameters associated with the second RAT.

An eighteenth aspect described herein relates to a wirelesscommunications apparatus, which can comprise a memory that stores datarelating to a first RAT, a second RAT, a mapping relationship betweenQoS parameters associated with the first RAT and QoS parametersassociated with the second RAT, and a QoS parameter utilized on thefirst RAT. The wireless communications apparatus can further comprise aprocessor configured to map the QoS parameter utilized on the first RATto a QoS parameter associated with the second RAT based at least in parton the mapping relationship between the QoS parameters associated withthe first RAT and the QoS parameters associated with the second RAT.

A nineteenth aspect described herein relates to an apparatus operable ina wireless communication system, which can comprise means foridentifying a first RAT and a second RAT on which at least oneapplication can conduct network communication; means for obtaininginformation relating to a mapping between respective QoS parameters forthe first RAT and respective QoS parameters for the second RAT; andmeans for establishing QoS for the application on the second RAT atleast in part by obtaining a QoS parameter for the second RAT thatcorresponds to a QoS parameter for the first RAT that is utilized by theapplication according to the mapping.

A twentieth aspect described herein relates to a computer programproduct, which can comprise a computer-readable medium. Thecomputer-readable medium, in turn, can comprise code for causing acomputer to identify a first RAT and a second RAT on which at least oneapplication can conduct network communication; code for causing acomputer to obtain information relating to a mapping between respectiveQoS parameters for the first RAT and respective QoS parameters for thesecond RAT; and code for causing a computer to establish QoS for theapplication on the second RAT at least in part by obtaining a QoSparameter for the second RAT that corresponds to a QoS parameter for thefirst RAT that is utilized by the application according to the mapping.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or moreaspects of the claimed subject matter comprise the features hereinafterfully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. Thefollowing description and the annexed drawings set forth in detailcertain illustrative aspects of the claimed subject matter. Theseaspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways inwhich the principles of the claimed subject matter can be employed.Further, the disclosed aspects are intended to include all such aspectsand their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system that facilitates efficient QoScontext transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover in a wirelesscommunication system in accordance with various aspects.

FIGS. 2-3 are block diagrams of respective systems that facilitateestablishment of QoS for a mixed-mode application utilized in a wirelesscommunication system in accordance with various aspects.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a system for identifying flow to bearermappings in connection with translating QoS across an inter-RAT handoverin accordance with various aspects.

FIGS. 5-7 are block diagrams of respective systems that facilitatemapping of QoS parameters corresponding to multiple RATs in accordancewith various aspects.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example QoS parameter configuration over a set ofRATs on which various aspects described herein can function.

FIGS. 9-10 are block diagrams of respective systems that facilitatepreservation of QoS parameters over successive handovers in accordancewith various aspects.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a system for handling insufficient QoS forone or more network applications following an inter-RAT handover inaccordance with various aspects.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a system for maintaining QoS informationover multiple RATs via tunnel mode operation in accordance with variousaspects.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example tunneling configuration that can beutilized to maintain QoS information in accordance with various aspects.

FIGS. 14-15 are block diagrams of respective systems that facilitatehandling of QoS establishment operation during an inter-RAT handover inaccordance with various aspects.

FIGS. 16-19 are flow diagrams of respective methods for managingestablishment of QoS for a mixed-mode application utilized in a wirelesscommunication system.

FIG. 20 is a flow diagram of a method for performing flow to bearer QoSmapping in association with an inter-RAT handover.

FIGS. 21-22 are flow diagrams of respective methods that facilitatemapping of QoS parameters corresponding to multiple RATs.

FIGS. 23-24 are flow diagrams of respective methods that facilitatepreservation of QoS parameters over multiple inter-RAT handovers.

FIG. 25 is a flow diagram of a method for adapting operation of anetwork application in the case of downgraded QoS following an inter-RAThandover.

FIGS. 26-27 are flow diagrams of respective methods for utilizingtunneling to maintain QoS information over multiple RATs.

FIGS. 28-29 are flow diagrams of respective methods for handling QoSestablishment operation during an inter-RAT handover.

FIGS. 30-43 are block diagrams of respective apparatuses that facilitateefficient QoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover ina wireless communication system.

FIG. 44 illustrates a wireless multiple-access communication system inaccordance with various aspects set forth herein.

FIG. 45 is a block diagram illustrating an example wirelesscommunication system in which various aspects described herein canfunction.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects of the claimed subject matter are now described withreference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used torefer to like elements throughout. In the following description, forpurposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth inorder to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects. It maybe evident, however, that such aspect(s) may be practiced without thesespecific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devicesare shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one ormore aspects.

As used in this application, the terms “component,” “module,” “system,”and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, eitherhardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, software, orsoftware in execution. For example, a component can be, but is notlimited to being, a process running on a processor, an integratedcircuit, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program,and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application runningon a computing device and the computing device can be a component. Oneor more components can reside within a process and/or thread ofexecution and a component can be localized on one computer and/ordistributed between two or more computers. In addition, these componentscan execute from various computer readable media having various datastructures stored thereon. The components can communicate by way oflocal and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal havingone or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting withanother component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across anetwork such as the Internet with other systems by way of the signal).

Furthermore, various aspects are described herein in connection with awireless terminal and/or a base station. A wireless terminal can referto a device providing voice and/or data connectivity to a user. Awireless terminal can be connected to a computing device such as alaptop computer or desktop computer, or it can be a self containeddevice such as a personal digital assistant (PDA). A wireless terminalcan also be called a system, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station,mobile station, mobile, remote station, access point, remote terminal,access terminal, user terminal, user agent, user device, or userequipment (UE). A wireless terminal can be a subscriber station,wireless device, cellular telephone, PCS telephone, cordless telephone,a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL)station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device havingwireless connection capability, or other processing device connected toa wireless modem. A base station (e.g., access point or Node B) canrefer to a device in an access network that communicates over theair-interface, through one or more sectors, with wireless terminals. Thebase station can act as a router between the wireless terminal and therest of the access network, which can include an Internet Protocol (IP)network, by converting received air-interface frames to IP packets. Thebase station also coordinates management of attributes for the airinterface.

Moreover, various functions described herein can be implemented inhardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implementedin software, the functions can be stored on or transmitted over as oneor more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media andcommunication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of acomputer program from one place to another. A storage media can be anyavailable media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example,and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM,EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used tocarry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or datastructures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connectionis properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if thesoftware is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote sourceusing a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digitalsubscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio,and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair,DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave areincluded in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein,includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatiledisc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc (BD), where disks usuallyreproduce data magnetically and discs reproduce data optically withlasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within thescope of computer-readable media.

Various techniques described herein can be used for various wirelesscommunication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, FrequencyDivision Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) systems,and other such systems. The terms “system” and “network” are often usedherein interchangeably. A CDMA system can implement a radio technologysuch as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), CDMA2000, etc. UTRAincludes Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and other variants of CDMA.Additionally, CDMA2000 covers the IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. ATDMA system can implement a radio technology such as Global System forMobile Communications (GSM). An OFDMA system can implement a radiotechnology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB),IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM®, etc.UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System(UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is an upcoming release that usesE-UTRA, which employs OFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink.UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE and GSM are described in documents from anorganization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP). Further,CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named“3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2).

Various aspects will be presented in terms of systems that can include anumber of devices, components, modules, and the like. It is to beunderstood and appreciated that the various systems can includeadditional devices, components, modules, etc. and/or omit some or all ofthe devices, components, modules etc. discussed in connection with thefigures. A combination of these approaches can also be used.

Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a system 100 thatfacilitates efficient QoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAThandover in a wireless communication system in accordance with variousaspects described herein. As shown in FIG. 1, system 100 can include oneor more UEs 102 (also referred to herein as mobile devices or stations,terminals, access terminals (ATs), etc.), which can communicate with oneor more networks 104. In one example, respective networks 104 canoperate according to various RATs, such as, for example, 3GPP LTE, HighRate Packet Data (HRPD), WiMax, WLAN, UMTS, or the like. Further,respective networks 104 in system 100 can include and/or otherwise beassociated with one or more network entities, such as base stations(e.g., Node Bs or Evolved Node Bs (eNBs), cells or network cells, accesspoints (APs), network nodes, etc.) providing communication service torespective UEs 102, network controllers, and/or other suitable networkentities. In accordance with one aspect, UE 102 can engage in one ormore uplink (UL, also referred to herein as reverse link (RL))communications with network(s) 104, and similarly network(s) 104 canengage in one or more downlink (DL, also referred to herein as forwardlink (FL)) communications to UE 102.

In accordance with one aspect, UE 102 can be a multi-radio wirelessdevice and/or another suitable device operable to communicate accordingto a plurality of RATs. Accordingly, UE 102 can be capable ofcommunication with multiple networks 104, each of which can beassociated with one or more RATs. In one example, in the event that UE102 leaves the coverage of a network 104, requires services other thanthose provided by a RAT associated with a current serving network 104,and/or upon occurrence of other suitable triggering events, UE 102 andone or more networks 104 can perform a handover operation, wherein UE102 leaves a first network 104 (herein referred to as a source network)and enters a second network 104 (herein referred to as a targetnetwork). In the event that the source and target networks 104 for thehandover utilize different RATs, the handover is referred to as aninter-RAT, or IRAT, handover. With respect to the following description,it should be appreciated that, while various examples herein areprovided for a handover between LTE and HRPD RATs, the techniquesprovided herein can be applied in the context of any inter-RAT handoverbetween any suitable RATs. Further, unless explicitly stated otherwise,it is to be appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not intendedto be limited to any specific RATs or handovers therebetween.

In accordance with another aspect, UE 102 can utilize one or morenetwork applications for communication to network(s) 104 and/or otherentities in system 100. Such applications can be associated with variousQoS parameters, which can specify a minimum required performance for theapplication in terms of maximum bit rate (MBR), aggregated MBR (AMBR),guaranteed bit rate (GBR), channel quality (e.g., given in terms of aQoS class identifier (QCI), etc.) or the like. In one example, UE 102can utilize QoS reservation procedures to obtain such parameters for oneor more associated applications. Subsequently, an inter-RAT handover canbe initiated for UE 102, at which time the QoS context corresponding toUE 102 can be configured to be transferred from the source RAT to thetarget RAT. Accordingly, it would be desirable to implement techniquesto perform such QoS context transfer in a substantially quick manner.Further, it would be desirable to implement functionality by which UE102 can handle cases where it is unclear whether UE 102 or a network 104should initiate QoS. Third, in the event that QoS parameters differbetween different RATs, it would be desirable to implement techniques toenable a network 104 to assign translated QoS in the new RAT based onresource availability. Fourth, it would be desirable for UE 102 to havethe ability to determine whether the new QoS is acceptable or not and totake appropriate action in either case.

In the specific, non-limiting case of a handover between LTE and HRPD,various applications and/or other operations in system 100 can beconfigured with the option of enabling a network or a device to initiateQoS. Accordingly, it is unclear in some cases which rules UE 102 shouldfollow to determine, e.g., whether UE 102 or network 104 should initiateQoS for a given application. It can be appreciated that initiation ofQoS by both UE 102 and network 104 can result in decreased efficiency;therefore, it can be appreciated that clearly defined procedures fordefining QoS are desirable.

Further, in the event that a transfer is attempted from one radio domainto another, system 100 can operate under an expectation that the sourcenetwork 104 is responsible for pushing QoS to the target network 104 ina handover subsequent to setting up QoS flows and performing other suchoperations. Thus, in the example of an LTE to HRPD handover, QoS can bepushed from the LTE network to the HRPD network. However, in such a casethe rules for continuing the QoS may be unclear due to translationbetween RATs. In addition, further complications can arise in the caseof a handover from a network where QoS is network-initiated to a networkwhere QoS is device-initiated, or vice versa, for which solutions aredesirable.

In another specific example, it can be appreciated that different radiodomains can have different rules for specifying QoS such that QoSparameters are not the same across RATs. Thus, for example, LTE canspecify QoS parameters via QCI, which can be implemented as a numeratedvalue where each value represents a differing QoS class (e.g.,best-effort service, latency-sensitive service, data rate-sensitiveservice, etc.). In contrast, Evolved HRPD (eHRPD) can specify QoS viaflow profiles or the like, which can be implemented as distinct valuesthat indicate traffic type, required latency and/or data rate, or thelike. In another contrasting example, WLAN can specify QoS via aspecified number of QoS levels (e.g., 4), which can distinguish betweenthe control part and data part of a particular flow (e.g., resulting in8 total QoS levels, corresponding to 4 service types for control and 4service types for data). Accordingly, due to the differing level ofdetail between QoS parameters utilized by different RATs and differingexpectations of the respective RATs regarding how QoS values are mappedbetween different RATs, it can in some cases be unclear how to map QoSbetween RATs.

Thus, in view of at least the above, UE 102 and network(s) 104 in system100 can utilize various techniques and/or other means for addressing theabove shortcomings of QoS management in an inter-RAT handover andfacilitating efficient transfer of QoS context during such a handover inaccordance with various aspects. For example, a QoS setup indicationanalyzer 110 at UE 102 and/or a QoS setup indicator module 170 atnetwork 104 can be utilized to define and/or apply rules for whether UE102 or network 104 should establish QoS (e.g., via a QoS establishmentmodule 120) for a mixed-mode operation upon an inter-RAT handover. In asecond example, UE 102 can utilize a flow/bearer mapping module 130and/or other means to determine an internet protocol (IP) bearer mappingwhen translating QoS across an inter-RAT handover. In a third example,UE 102 and/or network 104 can include a QoS mapping module 140 thatfacilitates mapping QoS parameters of different RATs. In a fourthexample, UE 102 and/or network 104 can utilize a tunneling module 150and/or other means to maintain QoS during a tunnel mode in the contextof an inter-RAT handover. In a fifth example, a QoS failure handlermodule 160 at UE 102 can be utilized to facilitate one or more actionsin the event that QoS is not acceptable in a new RAT. In a sixthexample, UE 102 and/or network 104 can include a QoS storage module 180and/or other means to avoid QoS depreciation upon multiple handovers.Various examples by which modules 110-180 and/or other suitablemechanisms associated with UE 102 and network 104 can be utilized areprovided in further detail herein.

It can be appreciated that, by utilizing one or more of the techniquesdescribed herein, equivalent QoS can be continued on a target accesstechnology after an inter-RAT handover. Otherwise, in the case ofunder-provisioned QoS, it can be appreciated that unsatisfactory userexperience could occur, or in some cases a corresponding applicationcould terminate the underlying service. Alternatively, in the case ofover-provisioned QoS, it can be appreciated that wastage of QoSresources in the network, potential overbilling of a user, and/or otherconsequences could result.

Turning next to FIG. 2, a first system 200 that facilitatesestablishment of QoS for a mixed-mode application utilized in a wirelesscommunication system is illustrated. As shown in FIG. 2, system 200 caninclude a UE 102 and a network 104, which can communicate with eachother according to one or more RATs and one or more network applicationsor other services. In one example, an application can be always UEinitiated (e.g., a type 1 application), in which case QoS for theapplication is pushed from the device such that network 104 is notexpected to initiate QoS. Alternatively, an application can be alwaysnetwork initiated (e.g., a type 2 application) such that network 104 isresponsible for initiating QoS. However, for some types of applications,such as type 3 or “mixed mode” applications, it is unclear whether UE102 or network 104 (e.g., via an application server (AS) and/or othermeans) is responsible for initiating QoS. Thus, in such a case both UE102 and network 104 may try to initiate QoS, which can result ininefficiency and/or inconsistent or inaccurate QoS. By way of example,such an application can correspond to a service that usesnetwork-controlled QoS in the home network but is configured to useUE-controlled QoS in visited networks where QoS cannot be guaranteed onthe network side.

Accordingly, UE 102 and/or network 104 can utilize one or moretechniques to establish rules and/or other mechanisms to determine howQoS is to be initiated for a mixed mode application. In a first example,network 104 can indicate (e.g., via QoS setup indicator module 170 orother means), using a flag and/or other mechanisms, who should beresponsible for initiating QoS from among UE 102 and network 104. Thus,for example, network 104 can identify an application that facilitatescommunication with at least one UE 102, determine whether QoS for theapplication is to be network-initiated or initiated by the at least oneUE 102, construct an indication of a result of the determination, andconvey the indication to the at least one UE 102 (e.g., via QoS setupindicator module 170). In the event that QoS is to be established bynetwork 104, a QoS establishment module 120 and/or other means atnetwork 120 can be utilized to establish the QoS, and a QoS signalingmodule 222 or the like can be utilized to convey the established QoS toUE 102. Conversely, if QoS is to be UE-initiated, a QoS establishmentmodule 120 or the like at UE 102 can be utilized to establish the QoS.

In one example, an indication of whether QoS is to be initiated by UE102 or network 104 can be provided by network 104 on a per-applicationbasis in the process of establishing QoS for an underlying application,or alternatively network 104 can provide global flags and/or otherindications that provide that, for example, QoS for all applicationsand/or one or more classes or categories of applications will always bepushed by network 104 or never be pushed by network 104. Thus, QoS setupindicator module 170 can construct a global indication relating towhether QoS for a plurality of applications is to be network-initiatedor initiated by at least one UE 102, upon which the global indicationcan be conveyed to the at least one UE 102, or alternatively QoS setupindicator module 170 can construct a per-application indication relatingto whether QoS for the application is to be network-initiated orinitiated by the at least one UE 102, based on which the per-applicationindication can be conveyed to the at least one UE 102.

Correspondingly, UE 102 can identify an application to be utilized forcommunication within system 200, receive an indication from a network104 associated with the application relating to QoS initiation, anddetermine (e.g., via a QoS setup indication analyzer 110 and/or othersuitable means) whether to initiate QoS for the application or to awaitnetwork initiation of QoS for the application based at least in part onthe indication. As described above, the indication can be a globalindication relating to QoS initiation for a plurality of applications ora per-application indication relating to QoS initiation for one or morespecific applications.

In accordance with one aspect, if an indication received by UE 102provides that QoS for an application is to be mobile-initiated, UE 102can initiate QoS for the application via QoS establishment module 120and/or other suitable means. Alternatively, if the indication providesthat QoS for an application is to be network-initiated, UE 102 can beconfigured to await network initiation of QoS for the application.However, it can be appreciated that in some cases where UE 102 isconfigured to await network initiation of QoS, network 104 mayultimately provide a QoS that is different than that required by theapplication. In such a case, UE 102 can utilize an internal timer, whichcan be controlled by a timer module 212 and/or other mechanisms, whichcan be utilized to trigger UE-initiated QoS setup and/or otherappropriate actions if an acceptable QoS (e.g., as determined by a QoSanalyzer 214, etc.) has not been set up by network 104 within a certaintime. For example, UE 102 can initialize a timer in response toinitiation of QoS (e.g., via a request for QoS by an application), awaitnetwork initiation of QoS for the application for a length of timespecified by the timer, and initiate QoS for the application if a QoSdeemed acceptable for the application is not initiated by the networkwithin the length of time specified by the timer. In a further example,in the event that UE-initiated QoS setup fails following expiration ofthe timer, a QoS failure handler module 160 can be utilized to notifythe underlying application(s) and/or facilitate any other suitableactions for adaptation to the QoS setup failure.

Alternatively, UE 102 can be configured to always attempt initiation ofQoS and to rely on network 104 to reject the QoS if network 104 electsto set up QoS itself. This is illustrated in further detail by system300 in FIG. 3. In accordance with one aspect, UE 102 and network 104 insystem 300 can operate using a trial and error approach, where there isno assumption regarding who initiates QoS. Instead, UE 102 can beconfigured to attempt QoS initiation in all cases, and network 104 canutilize a QoS rejection indicator module 322 and/or other means toconvey a rejection to UE 102 that signifies that it will handle QoSinitiation. Thus, in one example, network 104 can identifying a UE 102and an application utilized by the UE 102 for network communication,detect attempted QoS initiation by the UE 102 with respect to theapplication, and communicate rejection messaging to the UE 102 inresponse to detecting the attempted QoS initiation by the UE withrespect to the application if QoS for the application is deemed to benetwork-initiated. Conversely, UE 102 can attempt initialization of QoSfor an application that facilitates communication with network 104,determine (e.g., using a QoS rejection analyzer 312 and/or othersuitable means) whether a QoS rejection is received from network 104,and await initialization of QoS for the application from network 104 inresponse to receiving a QoS rejection from network 104 based at least inpart on the QoS rejection.

In accordance with one aspect, QoS rejection indicator module 322 and/orother suitable mechanisms at network 104 can configure rejectionmessaging to indicate a “soft reject” or a soft QoS rejection in orderto indicate that network initiation of QoS will be performed. Forexample, a special reason code can be utilized by network 104 (e.g.,within a reason code field in the rejection messaging) to indicate thata QoS rejection is a soft reject, thereby allowing such a rejection tobe distinguished from a regular QoS reject by UE 102. For example, QoSrejection analyzer 312 and/or other mechanisms associated with UE 102can determine whether a QoS rejection received from network 104 includesat least one field indicating a soft rejection and facilitate awaitinginitialization of QoS for the application from network 104 in responseto receiving a QoS rejection from network 104 that includes at least onefield indicating network initiation of QoS.

In accordance with another aspect, when UE 102 receives a soft rejectmessage as described above, a timer module 212 and/or other suitabletimer mechanism can be used by UE 102 to allow network 104 some time toset up the QoS. If network 104 does not set up QoS within the timespecified by the timer, UE 102 can (e.g., via QoS failure handler module160) notify the underlying application that no QoS is available,initiate QoS on its own, and/or take any other suitable action(s). Forexample, upon communicating rejection messaging to UE 102, network 104can be configured to initiate QoS for an application within apredetermined time interval. Correspondingly, UE 102 can initialize atimer corresponding to the predetermined time interval and awaitinitialization of QoS for the application from network 104 in responseto receiving a QoS rejection from network 104 for the predetermined timeinterval corresponding to the timer. Subsequently, if it is determinedthat initialization of QoS deemed acceptable for the application has notbeen performed by network 104 upon expiration of the predetermined timeinterval corresponding to the timer, UE 102 can re-attemptinitialization of QoS for the application, notify the application thatQoS is not available for the application, and/or perform other suitableactions.

Accordingly, as illustrated by FIGS. 2-3, UE 102 can leverage timermodule 212 in various manners. For example, timer module 212 can beutilized to implement a timer based on a soft reject, adefault-activated timer, and/or any other suitable timer mechanisms. Inone example, timer module 212 can be utilized to implement multipleaspects of functionality. Thus, for example, UE 102 can utilize a firsttimer to await initialization of QoS by network 104 and subsequentlyutilize a second timer to check for QoS rejection messaging whileinitializing QoS at UE, thereby providing a fail-safe in the case thatnetwork 104 does not support soft reject signaling or network 104 isdesignated to establish QoS (e.g., in the case of a network-initiatedapplication) but fails to do so.

In accordance with another aspect, various mechanisms as illustrated byFIGS. 2-3 and/or other suitable mechanisms can be utilized to facilitateprioritization of QoS flows as used by UE 102 and/or network 104. Forexample, in the event that QoS flows are set up on the target side of ahandover, UE 102 can be configured to associate with the target in agiven priority order. Thus, an order selected for establishing QoS flowscan be configured based on a priority order dictated by the relevant QoSparameters (e.g., QCI, etc.).

Referring next to FIG. 4, a block diagram of a system 400 foridentifying flow to bearer mappings in connection with translating QoSacross an inter-RAT handover in accordance with various aspects isillustrated. In accordance with one aspect, an Internet Protocol (IP)flow can be characterized by a Traffic Format Template (TFT), which canbe a filter that describes which packets are to be assigned to the flow.For example, a TFT can specify filter parameters such as IP and portaddresses or the like, such that only packets with matching parameterswill be routed onto the flow. In one example, a filter as provided by aTFT can be a unique description of a flow, which can describe the typeof data that is to be applied for a given associated QoS. The associatedQoS, in turn, can be given in terms of QCI, profile identifier, and/orany other identifier that indicates the characteristics of the flow.Thus, it can be appreciated that a TFT can identify a flow, and the typeof the flow can be determined based on its QoS mapping. Further, abearer can be characterized as a grouping of IP flows with the same QoSrequirements. In other words, IP flows with the same QoS can generallybe mapped onto the same bearer. In one example, the bearer can also havea TFT, which is the combined TFT of substantially all the IP flowsmapped onto the bearer.

In accordance with one aspect, when network 104 sets up QoS (e.g., viaQoS establishment module 120, etc.) after moving onto a new RAT, it canin some cases specify the bearer TFT only, using a bearer TFT signalingmodule 422 and/or other suitable means. Thus, UE 102 can be required toinfer which IP flows are mapped onto the bearer, in order to determineif the IP flows will get the same QoS as on the old RAT.

Accordingly, UE 102 can utilize a flow/bearer mapping module 130 and/orother means to match the TFT of an IP flow with a bearer TFT (e.g., asrespectively identified by a flow TFT identifier 412 and a bearer TFTidentifier 414, etc.), such that the IP flow is mapped onto the bearerwhich will route the same packets as the IP flow TFT. Thus, for example,flow TFT identifier 412 can identify at least one IP flow and respectiveIP flow TFTs respectively associated with the at least one IP flow.Further, bearer TFT identifier 414 can receive QoS establishmentmessaging from network 104 corresponding to at least one bearer and atleast one bearer TFT related to respective bearers. Based on theinformation identified by flow TFT identifier 412 and bearer TFTidentifier 414, flow/bearer mapping module 130 can determine associationbetween respective IP flows and bearers at least in part by matching IPflow TFTs to bearer TFTs. By way of specific, non-limiting example, QoSestablishment messaging received from network 104 can correspond to aninter-RAT handover. In another specific example, a determination ofrespective IP flows that are associated with the bearer TFT can beperformed by UE 102 in an application-independent manner. In a furtherexample, TFT matching as performed by flow/bearer mapping module 130 canbe based on full or partial TFT matches between a flow TFT and a bearerTFT. Accordingly, a matching determination as performed by flow/bearermapping module 130 can be based on at least one of attempted detectionof a substantially full match between IP flow TFTs and a bearer TFT orattempted detection of at least a partial match between IP flow TFTs anda bearer TFT.

In accordance with another aspect, TFT indexing and/or other similaroperations can be performed by UE 102. For example, it can beappreciated that for each IP flow, all packets are configured to berouted to the same bearer. Accordingly, this characteristic can beexploited by UE 102 to simplify the procedure for determining a mappingby, e.g., constructing a specific packet header that matches the IP flowTFT and attempting matching of the constructed packet header against allbearer TFTs. By way of example, an IP TFT can be considered with aparameter 1 in range X and a parameter 2 in range Y. Accordingly, UE 102can set parameter 1 and 2 to specific values and subsequently find thematching bearer TFT, as all packets from the IP flow will be mapped ontothe corresponding bearer.

In accordance with a further aspect, it can be appreciated that for amixed-mode application, the application will provide the minimumrequired QoS when ambiguity exists regarding the entity that is toinitiate QoS. Accordingly, if the network pushes a QoS that is notacceptable based on the application profile, the application canrecognize the unacceptable QoS and release the associated IP flow. Thus,in one example, UE 102 can assist an application in determining whetherthe QoS provided by the network is acceptable by performing TFT mappingas described above. More particularly, when network 104 pushes aspecific QoS, it is not initially apparent for which application network104 has pushed QoS, as the QoS is configured to indicate only the TFTitself and the mapping between the TFT and its respective correspondingapplications may not in all cases be clear. Accordingly, the applicationcan additionally specify TFT such that flow/bearer mapping module 130and/or other mechanisms at UE 102 can determine which TFT(s) pushed bynetwork 104 correspond to which application(s).

In view of the above, UE 102 can identify a QoS requirement for anapplication associated with a selected IP flow, compare the QoSrequirement for the application associated with the selected IP flow toa QoS parameter provided within QoS establishment messaging for a bearerTFT with which the selected IP flow is associated, and release theselected IP flow if the QoS parameter provided within the QoSestablishment messaging indicates a substantially unacceptable QoS forthe application. In one example, the QoS requirement can be a QoSrequirement provided by the application corresponding to substantiallyall radio access technologies (RATs) usable by the application.Additionally or alternatively, UE 102 can identify a reference QoSrequirement provided by an application corresponding to a reference RATusable by the application and map the reference QoS requirement to a QoSrequirement corresponding to a RAT utilized by network 104.

Turning next to FIG. 5, a system 500 that facilitates mapping of QoSparameters corresponding to multiple RATs in accordance with variousaspects is illustrated. It can be appreciated that QoS parameters insome cases are not the same across RATs, and therefore it would bedesirable to implement techniques by which UE 102 can map QoS parameters512 for different RATs into parameters that are comparable. Accordingly,a QoS mapping module 140 at UE 102 can be utilized to remap QoScorresponding to multiple RATs (e.g., associated with respectivenetworks 104) in the case of an inter-access technology handover.

In accordance with a first aspect, QoS mapping module 140 can facilitatemapping of QoS parameters without interaction from an underlyingapplication (e.g., within the data services layer of the protocol stack,etc.). Operation of QoS mapping module 140 in this manner is illustratedin further detail by system 600 in FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 6, UE 102can employ QoS mapping module 140 and/or one or more other mechanisms toidentify a first set of QoS parameters associated with a first RAT and asecond set of QoS parameters associated with a second RAT. Further, UE102 can obtain information relating to a utilized network communicationapplication, such as network application 612, and at least one QoSparameter in the first set of QoS parameters associated with networkapplication 612. Based on this information, QoS mapping module 140 canmap the at least one QoS parameter in the first set of QoS parametersassociated with network application 612 to at least one QoS parameter inthe second set of QoS parameters independently of network application612. In one example, mapping of the at least one QoS parameter in thefirst set of QoS parameters associated with network application 612 toat least one QoS parameter in the second set of QoS parameters can beperformed via software and/or any suitable mechanisms associated withQoS mapping module 140. In accordance with one aspect, mapping asperformed by system 600 can be utilized for both UE- andnetwork-initiated QoS transfer during a handover.

In one example, mapping as performed in system 600 can be performed in asimilar manner by QoS mapping modules 140 respectively associated withUE 102 and network 104 in order to avoid QoS changing after multiplehandovers which would potentially trigger additional QoS renegotiations.Thus, mapping of at least one QoS parameter in a first set of QoSparameters associated with network application 612 to at least one QoSparameter in a second set of QoS parameters can be performed by UE 102in cooperation with a network entity (e.g., associated with network 104)with which network application 612 facilitates communication. Inaccordance with one aspect, further techniques for avoiding suchadditional QoS renegotiations are described in further detail herein.

In accordance with another aspect, if the QoS granted by network 104 isless than a mapped value, network application 612 can be notified andmay subsequently take appropriate action. Otherwise, it can beappreciated that mapping of QoS parameters can be done in softwareand/or by other means transparently to network application 612. Forexample, as shown by system 600, a QoS analyzer 214 associated with UE102 can determine whether at least one QoS parameter in the second setof QoS parameters obtained via the mapping described above facilitates asubstantially acceptable QoS for network application 612. If the atleast one QoS parameter in the second set of QoS parameters obtained viathe mapping does not facilitate a substantially acceptable QoS fornetwork application 612, QoS analyzer 214 can notify network application612.

In accordance with a second aspect, a network application 612 can beconfigured to pass down QoS parameters for multiple access technologiesupon registration, based on which mapping can be performed. Such aprocedure is illustrated in further detail by system 700 in FIG. 7. Asshown by system 700, a QoS mapping module 140 and/or other mechanismsassociated with a UE 102 can identify an application, such as networkapplication 612, that facilitates communication with an associatednetwork (e.g., network 104), obtain respective QoS parameters fromnetwork application 612 that relate to respective RATs (e.g., viaregistration of network application 612), identify a handover of networkapplication 612 from a first RAT to a second RAT, and map at least oneQoS parameter associated with network application 612 and relating tothe first RAT to at least one QoS parameter associated with networkapplication 612 and relating to the second RAT based at least in part onthe respective QoS parameters obtained from network application 612.

In one example, when UE 102 is connected on a RAT for which QoS is notindicated by network application 612, it can be appreciated that networkapplication 612 can in some cases still obtain QoS after a handover ifnetwork 104 sets up the QoS; however, network application 612 may not beable to check the QoS. Accordingly, QoS mapping module 140 can beconfigured to determine whether at least one of QoS parameters relatingto a first RAT associated with a handover or QoS parameters relating toa second RAT associated with the handover are obtained from networkapplication 612. If such QoS parameters are not obtained from networkapplication 612, QoS mapping module 140 can map at least one QoSparameter associated with network application 612 and relating to thefirst RAT to at least one QoS parameter associated with networkapplication 612 and relating to the second RAT independently of networkapplication 612. Alternatively, QoS mapping module 140 can await networkestablishment of QoS for network application 612 if at least one of QoSparameters relating to the first RAT or QoS parameters relating to thesecond RAT are not obtained from network application 612.

In some cases, it can be appreciated that a QoS mapping module 140 asapplied in system 700 can identify a QoS mapping specified by networkapplication 612 that differs from a QoS mapping selected by network 104in the case of network-initiated QoS context transfer. In such a case,UE 102 can attempt renegotiation or QoS with network 104.

In another example, for UE-initiated QoS context transfer during aninter-RAT handover, only UE 102 may be configured to perform themapping. Alternatively, for network-initiated QoS context transfer, bothUE 102 and network 104 can be configured to perform the mapping. It canbe appreciated that UE 102 can perform the mapping in such a case inorder to check that the QoS assigned by network 104 is acceptable fornetwork application 612.

In accordance with a third aspect, a hybrid approach of the twotechniques respectively illustrated by systems 600 and 700 can beutilized for QoS mapping, where QoS mapping as illustrated by system 600is used automatically if an application does not support the QoS mappingas illustrated by system 700. Thus, for example, if network application612 does not provide QoS parameters, QoS mapping module 140 can beconfigured to perform mapping automatically. Further, referring again tosystem 600, if network application 612 is operable to provide QoSparameters, QoS mapping module 140 can obtain the a set of QoSparameters and a second set of QoS parameters from network application612 and map at least one QoS parameter in the first set of QoSparameters obtained from network application 612 to at least one QoSparameter in the second set of QoS parameters obtained from networkapplication 612.

In accordance with another aspect, QoS mappings can be specified in aconsistent manner on the UE and network side such that multiplehandovers going back and forth between the UE and network do not changeQoS on either side, thereby facilitating network-initiated QoS transfer.By doing so, it can be appreciated that undesired behaviors can beprevented where, for example, the QoS drifts after multiple handoversdue to QoS x at RAT A mapping to QoS y at RAT B, which in turn maps backto QoS x−1 at RAT A. In such a case, if an associated application isunaware of the degraded QoS, poor user experience can result due todegraded QoS parameters. Additionally or alternatively, if theapplication is aware of the degraded QoS, potential QoS renegotiationcan result, which can lead to an increase of network resources foradditional signaling, delays in setting up QoS, etc. Further, in thereverse case where QoS inflates after multiple handovers, wastedresources, potential overbilling, and/or other negative results couldoccur.

In one example, a mapping as applied herein to mitigate at least theabove negative results can be configured to convert consistently backand forth between various QoS parameters. These parameters can include,but are not limited to, GPRS/UMTS traffic classes and/or other relatedQoS parameters; LTE QCI, MBR/GBR, and/or other related QoS parameters;3GPP2 flow profiles; QoS parameters of other RATs, such as 802.11,WiMax, or the like.

In another example, when moving between RATs, there can in some cases bea multiple-to-one mapping between QoS parameters, e.g., such as thatshown by diagram 800 in FIG. 8. For example, in a case such as thatshown by diagram 800, in a first RAT multiple QoS parameters {a, b, c}can map to a single QoS parameter x in a second RAT. However, if a UE ishanded over from the first RAT to the second RAT and back to the firstRAT again, it can be appreciated that the UE should be able to obtainits original QoS again. To facilitate the above, various techniques canbe performed based on, for example, whether the network is able to storeQoS context between inter-RAT handovers. These techniques areillustrated by systems 900-1000 in FIGS. 9-10.

Referring first to system 900 in FIG. 9, a network 104 can in some casesbe configured with the capability, via a QoS storage module 180 or thelike, to store the QoS that a corresponding UE 102 had when it left agiven RAT. In such a case, even after multiple handovers between otherRATs, whenever UE 102 comes back to the given RAT, the stored QoS forthe RAT can be re-established. Thus, for example, network 104 can beoperable to identify a UE 102 and a QoS parameter used by the UE on aRAT, detect exit of the UE 102 from the RAT and re-entry of the UE 102to the RAT, and re-establish (e.g., via a QoS establishment module 120and/or other suitable means) QoS for the UE 102 in response to there-entry of the UE 102 to the RAT based at least in part on the QoSparameter used by the UE 102 on the RAT. Re-establishment of the QoS forUE 102 can be performed by, for example, storing the QoS parameter usedby UE 102 on the RAT and re-establishing the QoS parameter used by UE102 on the RAT in response to the re-entry of UE 102 to the RAT. In oneexample, network 104 can further be operable to indicate ability tostore QoS parameters to UE 102.

As described above, network 104 can store QoS when UE 102 moves to adifferent RAT and utilize the stored mapping when UE 102 re-enters theoriginal RAT. In accordance with one aspect, QoS changes on the otherRAT can be monitored and applied to UE 102 to facilitate providing UE102 with the most current QoS for its current RAT. Thus, for example,network 104 can be operable to obtain information relating to a changedQoS parameter established by UE 102 on a disparate RAT (e.g., via a QoSnegotiation module 912 and/or other suitable means associated with UE102) and re-establish the changed QoS parameter established by UE 102 onthe disparate RAT in response to re-entry of UE 102 to the RATassociated with network 104.

In one example, QoS changes on the other RAT can be maintainedcontinuously on a RAT utilized by network 104 as and when they happen.Thus, for example, network 104 can monitor the disparate RAT for QoSchanges associated with UE 102. Additionally or alternatively, QoSchanges on the other RAT can be pushed at and/or after a handover backto network 104, such that changed QoS parameters can be obtained bynetwork 104 in response to re-entry of UE 102 to the RAT associated withnetwork 104.

In accordance with another aspect, if network 104 is not configured withthe ability to store the QoS that UE 102 had when it left a given RAT,QoS depreciation resulting from multiple handovers of UE 102 can besubstantially prevented as shown by system 1000 in FIG. 10. As shown bysystem 1000, in the case that multiple-to-one mapping of QoS is possiblebetween respective RATs, a standardized mapping table, such as inter-RATQoS mapping table 1012, can be maintained where a standardized defaultvalue is used whenever multiple QoS values are possible. As furthershown by system 1000, a QoS mapping module 140 at UE 102 and/or network104 can be utilized to obtain information relating to a mappingrelationship (e.g., specified by inter-RAT QoS mapping table 1012)between QoS parameters associated with a first RAT and QoS parametersassociated with a second RAT, to identify a QoS parameter utilized onthe first RAT, and to map the QoS parameter utilized on the first RAT toa QoS parameter associated with the second RAT based at least in part onthe mapping relationship between the QoS parameters associated with thefirst RAT and the QoS parameters associated with the second RAT.Accordingly, if a QoS parameter utilized on a first RAT corresponds to aplurality of QoS parameters associated with a second RAT, QoS mappingmodule 140 can identify a mapping relationship between the QoS parameterutilized on the first RAT and a QoS parameter associated with the secondRAT selected from the plurality of QoS parameters associated with thesecond RAT.

In one example, based on the above operation of QoS mapping module(s)140, network 104 and/or UE 102 can utilize a default mapping value whencoming back to a given RAT. Subsequently, software associated with UE102 and/or other suitable mechanisms can attempt to renegotiate (e.g.,via QoS negotiation module 912) with network 104 to obtain the same QoSit had before the handover. Thus, UE 102, via QoS negotiation module 912or the like, can establish QoS with a network 104 associated with agiven RAT according to a QoS parameter associated with the given RATobtained via QoS mapping module 140. If such negotiation fails and QoSestablished with network 104 is deemed insufficient for at least oneassociated application, UE 102 can notify the affected application(s).

In another example, network 104 can be operable to indicate to UE 102whether it is able to store QoS parameters (e.g., as shown by system900). Accordingly, if UE 102 obtains an indication of capability ofnetwork 104 to establish (e.g., via a QoS establishment module 120,etc.) a QoS parameter associated with a corresponding RAT, UE 102 canobtain a mapped QoS parameter associated with said RAT from network 104.

Referring next to FIG. 11, a system 1100 for handling insufficient QoSfor one or more network applications following an inter-RAT handover inaccordance with various aspects is illustrated. As shown by system 1100,after remapping QoS parameters (e.g., based on negotiation by a QoSnegotiation module 914 at UE 102, a QoS establishment module 120 atnetwork 104, etc.) pursuant to an inter-RAT handover, UE 102 can comparethe QoS setup on the new RAT with the QoS on the old RAT. If UE 102decides that QoS was downgraded as part of the inter-RAT handover, a QoSfailure handler module 160 and/or other mechanisms at UE 102 can takeone or more appropriate actions. For example, UE 102 can map a QoSparameter associated with a first RAT to a corresponding QoS parameterassociated with a second RAT in association with an inter-RAT handoverperformed with respect to a network application, determine whether thesecond RAT provides sufficient QoS for the network application at leastin part by comparing the QoS parameter associated with the first RAT andthe QoS parameter associated with the second RAT, and facilitate (e.g.,via QoS failure handler module 160) adaptation of the networkapplication on the second RAT to a QoS of the second RAT if the secondRAT is determined not to provide sufficient QoS for the networkapplication.

In one example, QoS failure handler module 160 can utilize anapplication notifier 1112 and/or other means to notify an associatednetwork application that inadequate or insufficient QoS was set up onthe second (e.g., target) RAT. Subsequently, the application can takeone or more appropriate actions such as, for example, releasing theconnection, continuing with degraded QoS, etc. Alternatively, QoSfailure handler module 160 can attempt renegotiation of the QoSparameter associated with the target RAT independently of the associatednetwork application. In one example, such re-negotiation can beperformed by a QoS renegotiation module 1114, which can be configuredwithin the protocol data services layer of UE 102 and/or implemented asany other suitable entity. In one example, application notifier 1112 canbe utilized to notify the associated network application of insufficientQoS on the second or target RAT in response to unsuccessful attemptedrenegotiation of the QoS parameter by QoS renegotiation module 1114.

In accordance with one aspect, whether application notifier 1112 and/orQoS renegotiation module 1114 will be utilized for a given scenario canbe determined based on capabilities of an underlying networkapplication. Thus, for example, QoS failure handler module 160 canidentify whether a network application is configured with at least oneprocedure for handling insufficient QoS. Based on this determination,application notifier 1112 can notify the network application ofinsufficient QoS on a second RAT associated with a handover if thenetwork application has at least one procedure for handling insufficientQoS. Otherwise, QoS renegotiation module 1114 can attempt renegotiationof the QoS parameter associated with the second RAT independently of thenetwork application if the network application does not have at leastone procedure for handling insufficient QoS.

In accordance with another aspect, QoS can be negotiated for variousradio access technologies (e.g., HRPD) in two steps. In the first step(also referred to as the QoS authorization step), UE 102 can offer arange of QoS profiles, to which network 104 can respond with a subset ofacceptable QoS profiles. In the second step, UE 102 can pick a specificprofile and request the selected profile from network 104. By way ofspecific example, UE 102 can map LTE QoS to a multiple of HRPD profileIDs, which are offered in the QoS authorization step. Subsequently,network 104 can respond with a subset of the profile IDs, and UE 102 candetermine if any of the authorized QoS profiles is acceptable. If not,UE 102 can cease attempting further negotiations with network 104 and anassociated application can be notified to take appropriate action.

Accordingly, with regard to the above in more general terms, UE 102 canmap a QoS parameter associated with a first RAT associated with ahandover to a plurality of QoS parameters associated with a second RATassociated with the handover. UE 102 can then determine whether at leastone QoS parameter in the plurality of QoS parameters associated with thesecond RAT corresponds to sufficient QoS for the network application andnotify the network application of insufficient QoS on the second RAT ifno QoS parameters in the plurality of QoS parameters associated with thesecond RAT correspond to sufficient QoS for the network application.

Turning to FIG. 12, a block diagram of a system 1200 for maintaining QoSinformation over multiple RATs via tunnel mode operation in accordancewith various aspects is illustrated. As shown in system 1200, a UE 102can communicate within a wireless communication environment via anassociated network 104 ₁, which can operate according to a given RAT. Inaccordance with one aspect, UE 102 and network 104 ₁ can establish QoScorresponding to one or more applications. Further, to mitigate delaysand/or other effects of a future handover to another network 104 ₂operating according to a different RAT, a tunneling connection can bemaintained between UE 102 and network 104 ₂ to facilitate maintenance ofQoS during tunnel mode operation. As system 1200 illustrates, tunnelingbetween UE 102 and network 104 ₂ can be facilitated via respectivetunneling modules 150 and/or other means at UE 102 and/or network 104 ₂.

In accordance with one aspect, applications can suspend and resume QoSbased on data activity. For example, a data activity monitor 1222 atnetwork 104 ₁ and/or any other suitable entities within system 1200(e.g., UE 102) can suspend and/or resume QoS for one or more relatedapplications based on data activity identified by a data activitymonitor 1222. In the specific example of (e)HRPD, in the event that QoSis turned off, the QoS context can be kept by UE 102 and by the (e)HRPDserving gateway (HSGW). Accordingly, it can be appreciated that QoScontext does not require reestablishment when QoS is subsequentlyre-enabled, thereby reducing call setup time and providing othersuitable benefits. However, it can be appreciated that in the furtherspecific example of an LTE core network, QoS can be configured to beremoved when it is no longer needed such that it can require to be setup again from scratch when it is needed again.

Thus, for the specific, non-limiting example of network 104 ₁ using LTEand network 104 ₂ using eHRPD, UE 102 can utilize a QoS update module1212 and/or other suitable mechanisms to maintain QoS context with theeHRPD gateway at network 104 ₂ over the tunnel such that QoS can beavailable at network 104 ₂ upon a handover to eHRPD. In one example, UE102 can establish the QoS context in eHRPD as soon as possible via thetunnel, and both UE 102 and network 104 ₂ can attempt to keep the QoScontext over the tunnel up to date as and when it changes while on LTE.While over the tunnel, the associated QoS flows can be turned off in theHSGW. Subsequently, as soon as a handover to eHRPD occurs, the QoS flowscan be turned on.

In accordance with one aspect, in order to avoid having to repeat setupof QoS on eHRPD every time QoS is resumed, an eHRPD gateway associatedwith network 104 ₂ can utilize a QoS storage module 180 and/or othermechanisms to store the QoS. When in this state, the QoS can be flaggedas “turned off” when the LTE core network actually removes the QoS.Thus, if UE 102 later moves back to (e)HRPD, QoS can simply be turned onat network 104 ₂ rather than requiring repeated setup. In one example, atimer- or event-based mechanism can be used at network 104 ₂ to turn offthe QoS in the HSGW. Thus, as stated above for the specific,non-limiting example of a UE 102 interacting with LTE and eHRPD networks104, the QoS context can be cached in the eHRPD and turned on and offvia the tunnel when it is removed and recreated over LTE.

In accordance with another aspect, system 1200 can utilize QoS contextupdating via tunnel mode in a generalized manner for a multi-RATenvironment as follows. In a first example, UE 102 can initialize QoSfor a packet flow over a first network 104 ₁, establish a QoS contextfor the packet flow on a second network 104 ₁ via tunneling to thesecond network 104 ₁ in response to the initializing, monitor forchanges to the QoS for the packet flow (e.g., termination of the packetflow, re-establishment of the packet flow, etc.) over the first network104 ₁, and update the QoS context for the packet flow on the secondnetwork 104 ₂ via the tunneling to the second network 104 ₂ in responseto respective monitored changes to the QoS for the packet flow over thefirst network 104 ₁. Further, network 104 ₂ can be operable to obtaininformation relating to a packet flow associated with a network device,such as UE 102, operating on a first network 104 ₁ via tunneling to UE102, initialize a QoS context for network 104 ₂ in an inactive statecorresponding to the packet flow, detecting entry of UE 102 into network104 ₂, and activate the QoS context for network 104 ₂ in response toentry of UE 102 into network 104 ₂. In one example, network 104 ₁ can befurther operable to receive updated QoS information relating to thepacket flow on network 104 ₁ via the tunneling to UE 102 and to updatethe QoS context for network 104 ₂ corresponding to the packet flowaccording to the updated QoS information.

In accordance with one aspect, QoS can be maintained over a tunnelingconnection as shown in system 1200 in a variety of manners. In a firstexample, QoS for one or more flows and/or corresponding applications canbe maintained in a constant manner over the tunnel. Alternatively, a QoSflow can be created on network 104 ₂ via tunneling upon creation of theflow on network 104 ₁ and subsequently turned on or off at network 104 ₂via the tunnel as the flow is discarded and recreated at network 104 ₁,thereby saving resources associated with constantly maintaining QoS overthe tunnel. For example, QoS storage module 180 and/or other means atnetwork 104 ₂ can be used to cache QoS for a flow while UE 102 is onnetwork 104 ₁, such that transfer of the QoS corresponding to the flowis performed upon movement of UE 102 to network 104 ₂.

In one example, the specific technique utilized for maintaining QoS overthe tunnel for a given flow can be implemented on a case-by-case basis.Thus, by way of example, constant tunneling can be performed selectivelyfor certain flows based on relative priority of the flows, such that QoSfor real-time flows, priority flows, or the like are maintained in aconstant manner over the tunnel while QoS for other flows are not. Inone example, this can facilitate savings in overhead associated withsignaling, power, or the like, associated with maintaining QoS for allflows over the tunnel. For example, UE 102 in some cases can identifyone or more packet flow types for which QoS tunneling is configured andestablish a QoS context for the packet flow on the network 104 ₂ viatunneling to network 104 ₂ in response to the initializing if the packetflow is of a type included within the one or more packet flow types forwhich QoS tunneling is configured (e.g., as determined by a QoS analyzer214 and/or other mechanisms at UE 102). As noted above, packet flowtypes for which QoS tunneling is configured can be identified by UE 102based at least in part on relative packet flow priority.

In another example, the techniques described above can be applied to thecase of a voice over IP (VoIP) call flow. For an example VoIP callservice, it can be appreciated that a user can make, and subsequentlyterminate, a voice call multiple times in succession. Accordingly,instead of setting up QoS for VoIP in a first RAT and discarding the QoSin synchronization with events occurring in a second RAT, the QoS can beset up once and kept off when the application is terminated instead ofdiscarded. Accordingly, it can be appreciated that loading on the tunnelcan be alleviated, as the loading associated with turning on and/orturning off QoS is less than the loading associated with recreating QoSover the tunnel.

In accordance with one aspect, in the event that QoS for an applicationis installed at a network 104 and it is desired to turn the QoS for theapplication on at the network 104 (e.g., due to UE 102 moving to thenetwork 104), the application can utilize a suspend/resume call and/orother means to facilitate management of the QoS. In one example, in theevent that an application is terminated on a first RAT and the first RATdeletes the QoS, it can in some cases not be necessary to turn on anddelete QoS on a second RAT as the application may restart andre-initiate QoS setup. Thus, in the event that an application becomesinactive on a first RAT, QoS for the application can be turned off overthe tunnel. Subsequently, if an associated UE 102 moves to the secondRAT, it can be determined whether the application is active and, if so,the QoS for the application can be turned on.

For example, based on the above, network 104 ₂ can be operable toreceive an indication that a packet flow is inactive on network 104 ₁.Subsequently, in response to entry of UE 102 into network 104 ₂, network104 ₂ can determine whether the packet flow is active. If the packetflow is not active, the QoS context for network 104 ₂ can be discarded.Otherwise, if the packet flow is active, QoS can be established for thepacket flow corresponding to the QoS context for network 104 ₂. Further,upon receiving an indication that the packet flow is inactive on network104 ₁, network 104 ₂ can discard the QoS context for network 104 ₂ basedon at least one factor, such as expiration of a predetermined timeinterval following receiving the indication that the packet flow isinactive on network 104 ₁ and/or any other suitable factors.

In accordance with another aspect, an example tunneling structure thatcan be utilized in the specific example of a wireless communicationenvironment including an Evolved UMTS (Universal MobileTelecommunications System) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)and an eHRPD network is illustrated by diagram 1300 in FIG. 13. As FIG.13 illustrates, a UE can interact with both the E-UTRAN and the eHRPDnetwork via tunneling. The E-UTRAN can include an eNB, a MobilityManagement Entity (MME), and a Serving Gateway (S-GW). Further, theeHRPD network can include an Evolved Access Network (eAN) and a HSGW. Asfurther shown in diagram 1300, both RANs can interact with a PDN (PacketData Network) Gateway (P-GW), a Policy and Charging Rules Function(PCRF), and an Application Server (AS). In a similar manner to thatdescribed above, the UE can facilitate maintenance of QoS over both RANsvia tunneling mode. For example, at the S-GW, QoS can be created and/ordeleted substantially every time when QoS is needed. Further, at theHSGW, a QoS flow can be created and subsequently turned on/off when QoSis needed (e.g., such that the QoS context is “cached”).

For UE-initiated QoS with respect to diagram 1300, an application canindicate the QoS needed. For LTE, this can be translated intocreation/deletion of QoS, while for eHRPD, QoS can merely be switched onor off, thereby keeping the context. Additionally or alternatively, fornetwork-initiated QoS, the application server can indicate when QoS isneeded to the PCRF, in which case the full QoS context can be created ordeleted on each occasion.

In accordance with a further aspect, a UE 102 and/or one or morenetworks 104 in a wireless communication environment can implementrespective techniques for handling cases wherein the UE 102 movesbetween a RAT using network-initiated QoS and a RAT using UE-initiatedQoS. In a first example, a technique that can be utilized to manage sucha case is illustrated by system 1400 in FIG. 14. As shown by FIG. 14, inthe event that UE 102 utilizes a QoS-unaware application 1442, QoS canbe configured to never be requested by UE 102. Accordingly, when UE 102moves from a network 104 associated with a RAT with network-initiatedQoS to a network 104 associated with a RAT with UE-initiated QoS, theQoS will in some cases not be re-established. However, when UE 102 movesback to the network 104 operating according to the RAT withnetwork-initiated QoS, the network 104 can (e.g., via a QoSestablishment module 120, etc.) the QoS again. Accordingly, it can beappreciated that for QoS-unaware applications, QoS can in some casesonly be available in RATs that support network-initiated QoS. Further,in the specific example that UE 102 moves to an E-UTRAN usingnetwork-initiated QoS, the E-UTRAN can decide whether to establish theQoS context with a HSGW corresponding to an eHRPD network (e.g., over aS101 tunnel) or not.

In one example, based on the above, UE 102 in system 1400 can identifyan application that facilitates communication in system 1400, detectentry into a network 104 associated with a RAT, and determine whetherQoS for the RAT is user-initiated or network-initiated. Based on thisdetermination, UE 102 can direct operation of the application accordingto network-established QoS if QoS for the RAT is network-initiated ordirect operation of the application independently of QoS if QoS for theRAT is user-initiated. In another example, UE 102 can be operable todetect entry into a first network 104 associated with a RAT for whichQoS is network-initiated, establish a QoS context for the applicationaccording to QoS established by the first network 104, detect movementfrom the first network 104 to a second network 104 associated with a RATfor which QoS is user-initiated, and release the QoS context for theapplication in response to the movement.

In an alternate example, in the event that UE 102 is associated with aQoS-aware application, management of QoS for the application can beconducted in various manners as shown by system 1500 in FIG. 15. In afirst scenario illustrated by system 1500, UE 102 can move from anetwork 104 with a network-initiated QoS RAT to a network 104 with aUE-initiated QoS RAT. In such a scenario, upon determining (e.g., via aQoS setup analysis module 1512) that the network 104 will not initiateQoS, UE 102 can initiate QoS for an associated QoS-aware application1516 on its own (e.g., via a QoS initialization module and/or othersuitable means). In one example, in the event that UE 102 is moving toan E-UTRAN, UE 102 can additionally set up the QoS context over the S101tunnel with the HSGW, but in a switched off state.

In a second scenario illustrated by system 1500, UE 102 can move from anetwork 104 with a UE-initiated QoS RAT to a network 104 with anetwork-initiated QoS RAT. In such a case, as UE 102 is associated witha QoS-aware application 1516, the application 1516 can indicate therequired QoS for a specific filter to UE 102. Once the inter-RATmobility to a network-initiated QoS RAT occurs, UE 102 can check (e.g.,via a QoS establishment module 120 and/or other suitable means) whetherthe QoS setup by the network is satisfactory or not. UE 102 can thenconvey this information to the application 1516, which can in turndecide what to do in case QoS is not satisfactory (e.g., via a QoSfailure handler module 160, etc.). For example, in the case ofunsatisfactory QoS, application 1516 can decide to continue without QoS,notify the user, tear down the service, re-request for a different QoS,and/or perform any other suitable action(s). Further, in a similarmanner to the first scenario described above, in the specific examplewhere UE 102 is moving to a E-UTRAN and has to pre-register with aneHRPD over the S101 tunnel, UE 102 can also set up the QoS context withthe HSGW in a switched off state.

In view of the above, UE 102 in system 1500 can be operable to identifyan application 1516 that facilitates communication over at least a firstRAT and a second RAT, detect a handover of the application from thefirst RAT to the second RAT, determine whether a network 104 associatedwith the second RAT is configured to initialize QoS for the application,and to establish QoS for the application on the second RAT based atleast in part on the determining. In the event that the network 104associated with the second RAT is not configured to initialize QoS forthe application (e.g., the handover is from a network-initiated QoS RATto a UE-initiated QoS RAT), UE 102 can initialize QoS for theapplication on the second RAT, establish a QoS context with the firstRAT via tunneling to the first RAT, and/or perform any other suitableaction(s).

Additionally or alternatively, in the event that the network 104associated with the second RAT is configured to initialize QoS for theapplication (e.g., the handover is from a UE-initiated QoS RAT to anetwork-initiated QoS RAT), UE 102 can identify a required QoS for theapplication 1516, obtain information relating to a network-initiated QoSfor the application 1516 on the second RAT, and determine whether thenetwork-initiated QoS is satisfactory for the application 1516 based onthe required QoS for the application 1516. In addition, a result of suchdetermination can be indicated to the application 1516. Upon determiningthat the network-initiated QoS is unsatisfactory for the application1516, the unsatisfactory QoS can be indicated to the application 1516.Further, in such a case UE 102 can facilitate, via the application 1516,one or more actions such as continuing use of the application 1516without QoS, indicating unsatisfactory QoS for the application 1516 to auser of the application 1516, terminating the application 1516,re-requesting QoS for the application 1516, or the like. In anotherexample, UE 102 can further be configured to establish a QoS contextwith the first RAT via tunneling to the first RAT.

Referring now to FIGS. 16-29, methodologies that can be performed inaccordance with various aspects set forth herein are illustrated. While,for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shownand described as a series of acts, it is to be understood andappreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts,as some acts can, in accordance with one or more aspects, occur indifferent orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown anddescribed herein. For example, those skilled in the art will understandand appreciate that a methodology could alternatively be represented asa series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram.Moreover, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement amethodology in accordance with one or more aspects.

With reference to FIG. 16, illustrated is a first method 1600 thatfacilitates managing establishment of QoS for a mixed-mode applicationutilized in a wireless communication system. It is to be appreciatedthat method 1600 can be performed by, for example, a UE (e.g., UE 102)and/or any other appropriate network entity. Method 1600 begins at block1602, wherein an application to be utilized for communication within awireless communication system is identified. At block 1604, anindication relating to QoS initiation is received from a networkassociated with the application. At block 1606, it is determined whetherto initiate QoS for the application or to await network initiation ofQoS for the application based at least in part on the indication.

FIG. 17 illustrates a second method 1700 for managing establishment ofQoS for a mixed-mode application utilized in a wireless communicationsystem. Method 1700 can be performed by, for example, a communicationnetwork (e.g., network 104) and/or any other suitable entity. Method1700 begins at block 1702, wherein an application that facilitatescommunication with at least one UE is identified. At block 1704, it isdetermined whether QoS for the application is to be network-initiated orinitiated by the at least one UE. At block 1706, an indication of aresult of the determining is constructed. At block 1708, the indicationis conveyed to the at least one UE.

Referring next to FIG. 18, a third method 1800 for managingestablishment of QoS for a mixed-mode application utilized in a wirelesscommunication system is illustrated. Method 1800 can be performed by,for example, a mobile device and/or any other suitable entity. Method1800 begins at block 1802, wherein initialization of QoS is attemptedfor an application that facilitates communication with a communicationnetwork. At block 1804, it is determined whether a QoS rejection isreceived from the communication network. At block 1806, an entityperforming method 1800 awaits initialization of QoS for the applicationfrom the communication network in response to receiving a QoS rejectionfrom the communication network based at least in part on the QoSrejection.

FIG. 19 illustrates a fourth method 1900 that facilitates managingestablishment of QoS for a mixed-mode application utilized in a wirelesscommunication system. Method 1900 can be performed by, for example, awireless communication network and/or any other suitable entity. Method1900 begins at block 1902, wherein a UE and an application utilized bythe UE for network communication are identified. At block 1904,attempted QoS initiation by the UE with respect to the application isdetected. At block 1906, rejection messaging is communicated to the UEin response to detecting the attempted QoS initiation by the UE withrespect to the application if QoS for the application is deemed to benetwork-initiated.

Turning to FIG. 20, a flow diagram of a method 2000 for performing flowto bearer QoS mapping in association with an inter-RAT handover isillustrated. Method 2000 can be performed by, for example, a UE and/orany other suitable network entity. Method 2000 starts at block 2002,wherein at least one IP flow and respective IP flow TFTs respectivelyassociated with the at least one IP flow are identified. At block 2004,QoS establishment messaging corresponding to at least one bearer and atleast one bearer TFT related to respective bearers is received from anassociated network. At block 2006, association between respective IPflows and bearers is determined at least in part by matching IP flowTFTs to bearer TFTs.

Referring now to FIG. 21, a first method 2100 that facilitate mapping ofQoS parameters corresponding to multiple RATs is illustrated. Method2100 can be performed by, for example, a UE, one or more networksserving a UE, and/or any other suitable network entities. Method 2100begins at block 2102, wherein a first set of QoS parameters associatedwith a first RAT and a second set of QoS parameters associated with asecond RAT are identified. Next, at block 2104, information is obtainedrelating to a utilized network communication application and at leastone QoS parameter in the first set of QoS parameters associated with theutilized network communication application. At block 2106, the at leastone QoS parameter in the first set of QoS parameters associated with theutilized network communication application is mapped to at least one QoSparameter in the second set of QoS parameters independently of theutilized network communication application.

FIG. 22 illustrates a second method 2200 that facilitate mapping of QoSparameters corresponding to multiple RATs. Method 2200 can be performedby, for example, a user device, one or more networks serving a userdevice, and/or any other suitable network entities. Method 2200 beginsat block 2202, wherein an application that facilitates communicationwith an associated network is identified. At block 2204, respective QoSparameters are obtained from the application that relate to respectiveRATs. At block 2206, a handover of the application from a first RAT to asecond RAT is identified. At block 2208, an entity performing method2200 can map at least one QoS parameter associated with the applicationand relating to the first RAT to at least one QoS parameter associatedwith the application and relating to the second RAT based at least inpart on the respective QoS parameters obtained from the application.

Turning now to FIG. 23, a first method 2300 that facilitatespreservation of QoS parameters over multiple inter-RAT handovers isillustrated. Method 2300 can be performed by, for example, a radioaccess network and/or any other suitable entity. Method 2300 begins atblock 2302, wherein a UE and a QoS parameter used by the UE on a RAT areidentified. Next, at block 2304, exit of the UE from the RAT andre-entry of the UE to the RAT is detected. At block 2306, QoS for the UEis re-established in response to the re-entry of the UE to the RAT basedat least in part on the QoS parameter used by the UE on the RAT.

FIG. 24 illustrates a second method 2400 for preserving QoS parametersover multiple inter-RAT handovers. Method 2400 can be performed by, forexample, a UE, a network serving a UE, and/or any other suitable entity.Method 2400 can begin at block 2402, wherein information is obtainedrelating to a mapping relationship between QoS parameters associatedwith a first RAT and QoS parameters associated with a second RAT. Next,at block 2404, a QoS parameter utilized on the first RAT is identified.At block 2406, the QoS parameter utilized on the first RAT is mapped toa QoS parameter associated with the second RAT based at least in part onthe mapping relationship between the QoS parameters associated with thefirst RAT and the QoS parameters associated with the second RAT.

Referring to FIG. 25, a method 2500 for adapting operation of a networkapplication in the case of downgraded QoS following an inter-RAThandover is illustrated. Method 2500 can be performed by, for example, amobile device and/or any other suitable network entity. Method 2500begins at block 2502, wherein a QoS parameter associated with a firstRAT is mapped to a corresponding QoS parameter associated with a secondRAT in association with an inter-RAT handover performed with respect toa network application. At block 2504, it is determined whether thesecond RAT provides sufficient QoS for the network application at leastin part by comparing the QoS parameter associated with the first RAT andthe QoS parameter associated with the second RAT. At block 2506, anentity performing method 2500 can facilitate adaptation of the networkapplication on the second RAT to a QoS of the second RAT if the secondRAT is determined not to provide sufficient QoS for the networkapplication.

FIG. 26 illustrates a first method 2600 for utilizing tunneling tomaintain QoS information over multiple RATs. Method 2600 can beperformed by, for example, a UE and/or any other suitable networkentities. Method 2600 begins at block 2602, wherein QoS is initializedfor a packet flow over a first network. Next, at block 2604, a QoScontext is established for the packet flow on a second network viatunneling to the second network in response to the initializing. Atblock 2606, monitoring is performed for changes to the QoS for thepacket flow over the first network. At block 2608, the QoS context forthe packet flow is updated on the second network via the tunneling tothe second network in response to respective monitored changes to theQoS for the packet flow over the first network.

FIG. 27 illustrates a second method 2700 for utilizing tunneling tomaintain QoS information over multiple RATs. Method 2700 can beperformed by, for example, a network serving one or more UEs and/or anyother suitable network entities. Method 2700 begins at block 2702,wherein information relating to a packet flow associated with a networkdevice on a first network is obtained via tunneling to the networkdevice. At block 2704, a QoS context is initialized for a second networkin an inactive state corresponding to the packet flow. At block 2706,entry of the network device into the second network is detected. Atblock 2708, the QoS context for the second network is activated inresponse to entry of the network device into the second network.

Referring now to FIG. 28, a first method 2800 for handling QoSestablishment operation during an inter-RAT handover is illustrated.Method 2800 can be performed by, for example, a UE and/or any othersuitable network entity. Method 2800 can begin at block 2802, wherein anapplication that facilitates communication in a wireless communicationsystem is identified. At block 2804, entry into a network associatedwith a RAT is detected. At block 2806, it is determined whether QoS forthe RAT is user-initiated or network-initiated. At block 2808, operationof the application is directed according to network-established QoS ifQoS for the RAT is network-initiated. Additionally or alternatively, atblock 2810, operation of the application is directed independently ofQoS if QoS for the RAT is user-initiated.

Turning to FIG. 29, a second method 2900 for handling QoS establishmentoperation during an inter-RAT handover is illustrated. Method 2900 canbe performed by, for example, a UE and/or any other suitable networkentity. Method 2900 can begin at block 2902, wherein an application thatfacilitates communication over at least a first RAT and a second RAT isidentified. At block 2904, a handover of the application from the firstRAT to the second RAT is detected. At block 2906, it is determinedwhether a network associated with the second RAT is configured toinitialize QoS for the application. At block 2908, QoS for theapplication is established on the second RAT based at least in part onthe determining

Referring next to FIGS. 30-43, respective apparatuses 3000-4300 that canfacilitate various aspects described herein are illustrated. It is to beappreciated that apparatuses 3000-4300 are represented as includingfunctional blocks, which can be functional blocks that representfunctions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof(e.g., firmware).

With reference first to FIG. 30, a first apparatus 3000 that facilitatesefficient QoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover ina wireless communication system is illustrated. Apparatus 3000 can beimplemented by a UE (e.g., UE 102) and/or any other suitable networkentity and can include a module 3002 for identifying an application thatfacilitates communication with a wireless communication network, amodule 3004 for receiving a flag from the wireless communication networkthat relates to QoS initiation for the application, and a module 3006for determining whether to initiate QoS for the application or to awaitinitiation of QoS for the application by the wireless communicationnetwork based at least in part on the indication.

FIG. 31 illustrates a second apparatus 3100 that facilitates efficientQoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover in a wirelesscommunication system. Apparatus 3100 can be implemented by acommunication network (e.g., network 104) and/or any other suitablenetwork entity and can include a module 3102 for identifying anapplication for communication with at least one UE, a module 3104 forgenerating a flag indicative of whether QoS for the application is to benetwork-initiated or UE-initiated, and a module 3106 for communicatingthe flag to the at least one UE.

Turning next to FIG. 32, a third apparatus 3200 that facilitatesefficient QoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover ina wireless communication system is illustrated. Apparatus 3200 can beimplemented by a UE and/or any other suitable network entity and caninclude a module 3202 for attempting QoS initiation with respect to anapplication that facilitates communication with an associated network, amodule 3204 for determining whether rejection messaging relating to theapplication is received from the associated network, and a module 3206for awaiting QoS initiation from the associated network with respect tothe application in response to received rejection messaging based atleast in part on the received rejection messaging.

FIG. 33 illustrates a fourth apparatus 3300 that facilitates efficientQoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover in a wirelesscommunication system. Apparatus 3300 can be implemented by acommunication network and/or any other suitable network entity and caninclude a module 3302 for identifying an attempted QoS initiationprocedure performed by a UE with respect to an application utilized bythe UE for network communication and a module 3304 for signaling a QoSrejection to the UE in response to the attempted QoS initiationprocedure if the application is configured to utilize network QoSinitiation.

Referring to FIG. 34, a fifth apparatus 3400 that facilitates efficientQoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover in a wirelesscommunication system is illustrated. Apparatus 3400 can be implementedby a network device and/or any other suitable network entity and caninclude a module 3402 for identifying one or more TFTs corresponding torespective packet flows, a module 3404 for obtaining signaling from anassociated network relating to QoS parameters corresponding to aspecified bearer that is associated with a bearer TFT, and a module 3406for mapping one or more of the respective packet flows to the specifiedbearer at least in part by matching TFTs corresponding to the respectivepacket flows to the bearer TFT.

With reference next to FIG. 35, a sixth apparatus 3500 that facilitatesefficient QoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover ina wireless communication system is illustrated. Apparatus 3500 can beimplemented by a UE, a network serving one or more UEs, and/or any othersuitable entities and can include a module 3502 for obtaininginformation relating to a first set of QoS parameters associated with afirst RAT, a second set of QoS parameters associated with a second RAT,and an application that facilitates network communication; a module 3504for identifying at least one QoS parameter in the first set of QoSparameters that relates to the application; and a module 3506 formapping the at least one QoS parameter in the first set of QoSparameters that relates to the application to at least one QoS parameterin the second set of QoS parameters independently of the application.

FIG. 36 illustrates a seventh apparatus 3600 that facilitates efficientQoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover in a wirelesscommunication system. Apparatus 3600 can be implemented by a UE, anetwork serving one or more UEs, and/or any other suitable entities andcan include a module 3602 for obtaining a set of QoS parameters from anetwork application that relate to respective RATs and a module 3604 formapping at least one QoS parameter in the set of QoS parameters obtainedfrom the network application that is associated with a first RAT to atleast one QoS parameter in the set of QoS parameters obtained from thenetwork application that is associated with a second RAT.

Turning to FIG. 37, an eighth apparatus 3700 that facilitates efficientQoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover in a wirelesscommunication system is illustrated. Apparatus 3700 can be implementedby a communication network and/or any other suitable network entity andcan include a module 3702 for identifying a QoS parameter utilized by anetwork device over an associated RAT in response to the network deviceleaving the associated RAT via a first handover and a module 3704 forestablishing QoS for the network device in response to the networkdevice re-entering the associated RAT via a second handover based atleast in part on the QoS parameter utilized by the network device overthe associated RAT.

Referring next to FIG. 38, a ninth apparatus 3800 that facilitatesefficient QoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover ina wireless communication system is illustrated. Apparatus 3800 can beimplemented by a mobile device, a network serving one or more mobiledevices, and/or any other suitable entity and can include a module 3802for identifying a first RAT and a second RAT on which at least oneapplication can conduct network communication, a module 3804 forobtaining information relating to a mapping between respective QoSparameters for the first RAT and respective QoS parameters for thesecond RAT, and a module 3806 for establishing QoS for the applicationon the second RAT at least in part by obtaining a QoS parameter for thesecond RAT that corresponds to a QoS parameter for the first RAT that isutilized by the application according to the mapping.

FIG. 39 illustrates a tenth apparatus 3900 that facilitates efficientQoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover in a wirelesscommunication system. Apparatus 3900 can be implemented by a UE and/orany other suitable network entity and can include a module 3902 foridentifying an application that facilitates communication over at leasta source RAT and a target RAT associated with an inter-RAT handover, amodule 3904 for mapping a QoS parameter associated with the source RATto at least one corresponding QoS parameter associated with the targetRAT, and a module 3906 for adapting operation of the application on thetarget RAT if the at least one QoS parameter associated with the targetRAT indicates insufficient QoS for the application.

FIG. 40 illustrates an eleventh apparatus 4000 that facilitatesefficient QoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover ina wireless communication system. Apparatus 4000 can be implemented by aUE and/or any other suitable network entity and can include a module4002 for obtaining data relating to an IP flow and a first network and asecond network on which the packet flow can be utilized, a module 4004for initializing QoS for the IP flow over the first network, a module4006 for establishing a QoS context for the IP flow on the secondnetwork via tunneling to the second network in response toinitialization of QoS for the IP flow over the first network, and amodule 4008 for updating the QoS context for the IP flow on the secondnetwork via tunneling to the second network in response to respectivechanges to QoS of the IP flow over the first network.

With reference next to FIG. 41, a twelfth apparatus 4100 thatfacilitates efficient QoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAThandover in a wireless communication system is illustrated. Apparatus4100 can be implemented by a radio access network and/or any othersuitable wireless communication entity and can include a module 4102 foridentifying a UE and tunneling to the UE, a module 4104 for receivinginformation relating to an IP flow utilized by the UE on a networkassociated with the UE via the tunneling to the UE, a module 4106 forinitializing a QoS context for the IP flow in an inactive state for Anassociated network, and a module 4108 for activating the QoS context forthe IP flow upon detecting entry of the UE into the associated network.

Turning to FIG. 42, a thirteenth apparatus 4200 that facilitatesefficient QoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover ina wireless communication system is illustrated. Apparatus 4200 can beimplemented by a UE and/or any other suitable wireless communicationentity and can include a module 4202 for identifying a networkapplication, a communication network, and a RAT associated with thecommunication network; a module 4204 for detecting entry into thecommunication network; a module 4206 for utilizing the applicationaccording to network-established QoS if the RAT associated with thecommunication network provides network-initiated QoS; and a module 4208for utilizing the application independently of QoS if the RAT associatedwith the communication network does not provide network-initiated QoS.

FIG. 43 illustrates a fourteenth apparatus 4300 that facilitatesefficient QoS context transfer with respect to an inter-RAT handover ina wireless communication system. Apparatus 4300 can be implemented by amobile device and/or any other suitable network entity and can include amodule 4302 for identifying handover of an application from a first RATto a second RAT, a module 4304 for conducting a determination of whetherQoS for the application on the second RAT is network-initiated oruser-initiated, and a module 4306 for establishing QoS for theapplication on the second RAT in response to the determination.

Referring now to FIG. 44, an illustration of a wireless multiple-accesscommunication system is provided in accordance with various aspects. Inone example, an access point 4400 (AP) includes multiple antenna groups.As illustrated in FIG. 44, one antenna group can include antennas 4404and 4406, another can include antennas 4408 and 4410, and another caninclude antennas 4412 and 4414. While only two antennas are shown inFIG. 44 for each antenna group, it should be appreciated that more orfewer antennas may be utilized for each antenna group. In anotherexample, an access terminal 4416 can be in communication with antennas4412 and 4414, where antennas 4412 and 4414 transmit information toaccess terminal 4416 over forward link 4420 and receive information fromaccess terminal 4416 over reverse link 4418. Additionally and/oralternatively, access terminal 4422 can be in communication withantennas 4406 and 4408, where antennas 4406 and 4408 transmitinformation to access terminal 4422 over forward link 4426 and receiveinformation from access terminal 4422 over reverse link 4424. In afrequency division duplex system, communication links 4418, 4420, 4424and 4426 can use different frequency for communication. For example,forward link 4420 may use a different frequency then that used byreverse link 4418.

Each group of antennas and/or the area in which they are designed tocommunicate can be referred to as a sector of the access point. Inaccordance with one aspect, antenna groups can be designed tocommunicate to access terminals in a sector of areas covered by accesspoint 4400. In communication over forward links 4420 and 4426, thetransmitting antennas of access point 4400 can utilize beamforming inorder to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of forward links for thedifferent access terminals 4416 and 4422. Also, an access point usingbeamforming to transmit to access terminals scattered randomly throughits coverage causes less interference to access terminals in neighboringcells than an access point transmitting through a single antenna to allits access terminals.

An access point, e.g., access point 4400, can be a fixed station usedfor communicating with terminals and can also be referred to as a basestation, an eNB, an access network, and/or other suitable terminology.In addition, an access terminal, e.g., an access terminal 4416 or 4422,can also be referred to as a mobile terminal, user equipment, a wirelesscommunication device, a terminal, a wireless terminal, and/or otherappropriate terminology.

Referring now to FIG. 45, a block diagram illustrating an examplewireless communication system 4500 in which various aspects describedherein can function is provided. In one example, system 4500 is amultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system that includes a transmittersystem 4510 and a receiver system 4550. It should be appreciated,however, that transmitter system 4510 and/or receiver system 4550 couldalso be applied to a multi-input single-output system wherein, forexample, multiple transmit antennas (e.g., on a base station), cantransmit one or more symbol streams to a single antenna device (e.g., amobile station). Additionally, it should be appreciated that aspects oftransmitter system 4510 and/or receiver system 4550 described hereincould be utilized in connection with a single output to single inputantenna system.

In accordance with one aspect, traffic data for a number of data streamsare provided at transmitter system 4510 from a data source 4512 to atransmit (TX) data processor 4514. In one example, each data stream canthen be transmitted via a respective transmit antenna 4524.Additionally, TX data processor 4514 can format, encode, and interleavetraffic data for each data stream based on a particular coding schemeselected for each respective data stream in order to provide coded data.In one example, the coded data for each data stream can then bemultiplexed with pilot data using OFDM techniques. The pilot data canbe, for example, a known data pattern that is processed in a knownmanner. Further, the pilot data can be used at receiver system 4550 toestimate channel response. Back at transmitter system 4510, themultiplexed pilot and coded data for each data stream can be modulated(e.g., symbol mapped) based on a particular modulation scheme (e.g.,BPSK, QSPK, M-PSK, or M-QAM) selected for each respective data stream inorder to provide modulation symbols. In one example, data rate, coding,and modulation for each data stream can be determined by instructionsperformed on and/or provided by processor 4530.

Next, modulation symbols for all data streams can be provided to a TXMIMO processor 4520, which can further process the modulation symbols(e.g., for OFDM). TX MIMO processor 4520 can then provides N_(T)modulation symbol streams to N_(T) transceivers 4522 a through 4522 t.In one example, each transceiver 4522 can receive and process arespective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals. Eachtransceiver 4522 can then further condition (e.g., amplify, filter, andupconvert) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable fortransmission over a MIMO channel. Accordingly, N_(T) modulated signalsfrom transceivers 4522 a through 4522 t can then be transmitted fromN_(T) antennas 4524 a through 4524 t, respectively.

In accordance with another aspect, the transmitted modulated signals canbe received at receiver system 4550 by N_(R) antennas 4552 a through4552 r. The received signal from each antenna 4552 can then be providedto respective transceivers 4554. In one example, each transceiver 4554can condition (e.g., filter, amplify, and downconvert) a respectivereceived signal, digitize the conditioned signal to provide samples, andthen processes the samples to provide a corresponding “received” symbolstream. An RX MIMO/data processor 4560 can then receive and process theN_(R) received symbol streams from N_(R) transceivers 4554 based on aparticular receiver processing technique to provide N_(T) “detected”symbol streams. In one example, each detected symbol stream can includesymbols that are estimates of the modulation symbols transmitted for thecorresponding data stream. RX processor 4560 can then process eachsymbol stream at least in part by demodulating, deinterleaving, anddecoding each detected symbol stream to recover traffic data for acorresponding data stream. Thus, the processing by RX processor 4560 canbe complementary to that performed by TX MIMO processor 4520 and TX dataprocessor 4514 at transmitter system 4510. RX processor 4560 canadditionally provide processed symbol streams to a data sink 4564.

In accordance with one aspect, the channel response estimate generatedby RX processor 4560 can be used to perform space/time processing at thereceiver, adjust power levels, change modulation rates or schemes,and/or other appropriate actions. Additionally, RX processor 4560 canfurther estimate channel characteristics such as, for example,signal-to-noise-and-interference ratios (SNRs) of the detected symbolstreams. RX processor 4560 can then provide estimated channelcharacteristics to a processor 4570. In one example, RX processor 4560and/or processor 4570 can further derive an estimate of the “operating”SNR for the system. Processor 4570 can then provide channel stateinformation (CSI), which can comprise information regarding thecommunication link and/or the received data stream. This information caninclude, for example, the operating SNR. The CSI can then be processedby a TX data processor 4518, modulated by a modulator 4580, conditionedby transceivers 4554 a through 4554 r, and transmitted back totransmitter system 4510. In addition, a data source 4516 at receiversystem 4550 can provide additional data to be processed by TX dataprocessor 4518.

Back at transmitter system 4510, the modulated signals from receiversystem 4550 can then be received by antennas 4524, conditioned bytransceivers 4522, demodulated by a demodulator 4540, and processed by aRX data processor 4542 to recover the CSI reported by receiver system4550. In one example, the reported CSI can then be provided to processor4530 and used to determine data rates as well as coding and modulationschemes to be used for one or more data streams. The determined codingand modulation schemes can then be provided to transceivers 4522 forquantization and/or use in later transmissions to receiver system 4550.Additionally and/or alternatively, the reported CSI can be used byprocessor 4530 to generate various controls for TX data processor 4514and TX MIMO processor 4518. In another example, CSI and/or otherinformation processed by RX data processor 4542 can be provided to adata sink 4544.

In one example, processor 4530 at transmitter system 4510 and processor4570 at receiver system 4550 direct operation at their respectivesystems. Additionally, memory 4532 at transmitter system 4510 and memory4572 at receiver system 4550 can provide storage for program codes anddata used by processors 4530 and 4570, respectively. Further, atreceiver system 4550, various processing techniques can be used toprocess the N_(R) received signals to detect the N_(T) transmittedsymbol streams. These receiver processing techniques can include spatialand space-time receiver processing techniques, which can also bereferred to as equalization techniques, and/or “successivenulling/equalization and interference cancellation” receiver processingtechniques, which can also be referred to as “successive interferencecancellation” or “successive cancellation” receiver processingtechniques.

It is to be understood that the aspects described herein can beimplemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, orany combination thereof. When the systems and/or methods are implementedin software, firmware, middleware or microcode, program code or codesegments, they can be stored in a machine-readable medium, such as astorage component. A code segment can represent a procedure, a function,a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a softwarepackage, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures,or program statements. A code segment can be coupled to another codesegment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information,data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments,parameters, data, etc. can be passed, forwarded, or transmitted usingany suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, tokenpassing, network transmission, etc.

For a software implementation, the techniques described herein can beimplemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) thatperform the functions described herein. The software codes can be storedin memory units and executed by processors. The memory unit can beimplemented within the processor or external to the processor, in whichcase it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via variousmeans as is known in the art.

What has been described above includes examples of one or more aspects.It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combinationof components or methodologies for purposes of describing theaforementioned aspects, but one of ordinary skill in the art canrecognize that many further combinations and permutations of variousaspects are possible. Accordingly, the described aspects are intended toembrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fallwithin the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to theextent that the term “includes” is used in either the detaileddescription or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in amanner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpretedwhen employed as a transitional word in a claim. Furthermore, the term“or” as used in either the detailed description or the claims is meantto be a “non-exclusive or.”

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: identifying, by a userequipment (UE), a first set of quality of service (QoS) parametersassociated with a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second setof QoS parameters associated with a second RAT; obtaining, by the UE,information relating to a utilized network communication application;obtaining, by the UE, information relating to at least one QoS parameterin the first set of QoS parameters associated with the utilized networkcommunication application; determining, by the UE, whether at least oneof the first set of QoS parameters or the second set of QoS parametersis obtained from the utilized network communication application; andmapping, by the UE in response to determining that the at least one ofthe first set of QoS parameters or the second set of QoS parameters isnot obtained from the utilized network communication application, the atleast one QoS parameter in the first set of QoS parameters associatedwith the utilized network communication application to at least one QoSparameter in the second set of QoS parameters independently of theutilized network communication application.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the mapping comprises mapping the at least one QoS parameter inthe first set of QoS parameters associated with the utilized networkcommunication application to at least one QoS parameter in the secondset of QoS parameters in cooperation with a network entity with whichthe utilized network communication application facilitatescommunication.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determiningwhether the at least one QoS parameter in the second set of QoSparameters obtained via the mapping facilitates a substantiallyacceptable QoS for the utilized network communication application. 4.The method of claim 3, further comprising: notifying the utilizednetwork communication application if the at least one QoS parameter inthe second set of QoS parameters obtained via the mapping does notfacilitate a substantially acceptable QoS for the utilized networkcommunication application.
 5. A wireless communications apparatus,comprising: a memory that stores data relating to a first set of qualityof service (QoS) parameters associated with a first radio accesstechnology (RAT), a second set of QoS parameters associated with asecond RAT, and a utilized network communication application; and aprocessor configured to obtain, by a user equipment (UE), informationrelating to at least one QoS parameter in the first set of QoSparameters that is associated with the utilized network communicationapplication, to make a determination, by the UE, whether at least one ofthe first set of QoS parameters or the second set of QoS parameters isobtained from the utilized network communication application, and tomap, by the UE in response to determination that the at least one of thefirst set of QoS parameters or the second set of QoS parameters is notobtained from the utilized network communication application, the atleast one QoS parameter in the first set of QoS parameters that isassociated with the utilized network communication application to atleast one QoS parameter in the second set of QoS parametersindependently of the utilized network communication application.
 6. Thewireless communications apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor isfurther configured to map the at least one QoS parameter in the firstset of QoS parameters associated with the utilized network communicationapplication to at least one QoS parameter in the second set of QoSparameters in cooperation with a network entity with which the utilizednetwork communication application facilitates communication.
 7. Thewireless communications apparatus of claim 5, wherein the processor isfurther configured to determine whether the at least one QoS parameterin the second set of QoS parameters obtained via the mapping facilitatesa substantially acceptable QoS for the utilized network communicationapplication.
 8. The wireless communications apparatus of claim 7,wherein the processor is further configured to notify the utilizednetwork communication application if the at least one QoS parameter inthe second set of QoS parameters obtained via the mapping does notfacilitate a substantially acceptable QoS for the utilized networkcommunication application.
 9. A user quipment (UE), comprising: meansfor obtaining information relating to a first set of quality of service(QoS) parameters associated with a first radio access technology (RAT),information relating to a second set of QoS parameters associated with asecond RAT, and information relating to a utilized network communicationapplication; means for identifying at least one QoS parameter in thefirst set of QoS parameters that relates to the utilized networkcommunication application; means for determining whether at least one ofthe first set of QoS parameters or the second set of QoS parameters isobtained from the utilized network communication application; and meansfor mapping, in response to a determination, by the means fordetermining, that the at least one of the first set of QoS parameters orthe second set of QoS parameters is not obtained from the utilizednetwork communication application, the at least one QoS parameter in thefirst set of QoS parameters that relates to the utilized networkcommunication application to at least one QoS parameter in the secondset of QoS parameters independently of the utilized networkcommunication application.
 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein themeans for mapping comprises means for mapping the at least one QoSparameter in the first set of QoS parameters associated with theutilized network communication application to at least one QoS parameterin the second set of QoS parameters in cooperation with a network entitywith which the utilized network communication application facilitatescommunication.
 11. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising: meansfor determining whether the at least one QoS parameter in the second setof QoS parameters obtained via the means for mapping facilitates asubstantially acceptable QoS for the utilized network communicationapplication.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising: meansfor notifying the utilized network communication application if the atleast one QoS parameter in the second set of QoS parameters obtained viathe means for mapping does not facilitate a substantially acceptable QoSfor the utilized network communication application.
 13. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium, comprising: code for causing a computer toobtain, by a user equipment (UE), information relating to a first set ofquality of service (QoS) parameters associated with a first radio accesstechnology (RAT), information relating to a second set of QoS parametersassociated with a second RAT, information relating to a utilized networkcommunication application; code for causing the computer to identify, bythe UE, at least one QoS parameter in the first set of QoS parametersthat relates to the utilized network communication application; code forcausing the computer to determine, by the UE, whether at least one ofthe first set of QoS parameters or the second set of QoS parameters isobtained from the utilized network communication application; and codefor causing the computer to map, by the UE in response to adetermination, by the code for causing the computer to determine, thatthe at least one of the first set of QoS parameters or the second set ofQoS parameters is not obtained from the utilized network communicationapplication, the at least one QoS parameter in the first set of QoSparameters that relates to the application to at least one QoS parameterin the second set of QoS parameters independently of the utilizednetwork communication application.
 14. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the code for causing thecomputer to map comprises code for causing the computer to map the atleast one QoS parameter in the first set of QoS parameters associatedwith the utilized network communication application to at least one QoSparameter in the second set of QoS parameters in cooperation with anetwork entity with which the utilized network communication applicationfacilitates communication.
 15. The non-transitory computer-readablemedium of claim 13, further comprising: code for causing the computer todetermine whether the at least one QoS parameter in the second set ofQoS parameters obtained via the code for causing the computer to mappfacilitates a substantially acceptable QoS for the utilized networkcommunication application.
 16. The non-transitory computer-readablemedium of claim 15, further comprising: code for causing the computer tonotify the utilized network communication application if the at leastone QoS parameter in the second set of QoS parameters obtained via thecode for causing the computer to map does not facilitate a substantiallyacceptable QoS for the utilized network communication application.